Understanding the Rising Incidence of Suicide in Nigeria: Causes, Consequences, and Holistic Remedies

Abstract

Suicide has increasingly become a critical public health concern in Nigeria, reflecting a complex interplay of socio-economic, psychological, cultural, and environmental factors. Recent reports indicate a steady rise in suicide rates, yet systematic research into its determinants, consequences, and remedies remains limited. This study examines the causes of suicide, including economic hardship, unemployment, relationship challenges, academic pressures, mental health disorders, and social stigma. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected from 500 survey respondents across multiple Nigerian states and in-depth interviews with 50 individuals, including suicide attempt survivors and mental health professionals. Quantitative analysis revealed significant correlations between financial stress, psychological distress, and suicidal ideation, while qualitative findings highlighted cultural beliefs, religious interpretations, and inadequate mental health services as exacerbating factors. The study is grounded in Durkheim’s sociological theory of suicide and Joiner’s interpersonal theory, offering both macro-structural and individual-level perspectives. Results underscore the consequences of suicide, including family trauma, loss of productivity, and community destabilization. Recommendations emphasize holistic interventions, such as policy reforms, integration of mental health services into primary care, public awareness campaigns, community-based support networks, and collaboration with religious and traditional leaders. The study highlights the urgent need for a multi-sectoral approach to mitigate suicide risk in Nigeria. Implementing culturally sensitive, evidence-based strategies can reduce the incidence of suicide, strengthen mental health awareness, and promote resilience within communities. These findings provide actionable insights for policymakers, health practitioners, educators, and civil society organizations, contributing to a more coordinated national response to this growing crisis.