Public Sector Accountability and Transparency: Examining the Impact of Legal Frameworks on Accountability and Transparency in Nigerian Public Administration

Abstract

Public sector accountability and transparency are fundamental principles of democratic governance and effective public administration. In Nigeria, concerns over corruption, mismanagement of public resources, and weak institutional oversight have intensified the need to evaluate the role of legal frameworks in promoting responsible governance. This review examines the impact of key legal instruments—such as the 1999 Constitution (as amended), the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) Act, the Independent Corrupt Practices and Other Related Offences Commission (ICPC) Act, the Freedom of Information Act, the Public Procurement Act, and the Fiscal Responsibility Act on accountability and transparency in Nigerian public administration. The analysis highlights how these laws establish oversight institutions, regulate public financial management, enhance access to information, and provide mechanisms for sanctioning misconduct. While the legal frameworks have strengthened institutional structures and improved formal transparency mechanisms, their effectiveness is constrained by weak enforcement, political interference, limited institutional capacity, and low public awareness. The review concludes that although Nigeria possesses a relatively robust legal foundation for accountability and transparency, sustained political will, institutional independence, and improved compliance mechanisms are essential to translating legal provisions into tangible governance outcomes.