Optimizing Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) in Nigerian University Entrepreneurship Incubation Centers

User Preferences and Evidence-Based Design Guidelines

Abstract

This study investigates the optimization of Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) in Nigerian university entrepreneurship centers by examining user preferences and developing evidence-based design guidelines. Through a qualitative case study approach, data were collected from 199 users across three Nigerian universities (University of Ibadan, Gombe State University, and Covenant University) using structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and comparative analyses were employed to evaluate IEQ conditions and user satisfaction levels. Key findings revealed a hierarchy of user priorities, with air quality (80% agreement), adjustable temperature (78%), and natural lighting (72%) ranked as the most critical IEQ features. Role-based differences emerged, with lecturers emphasizing quiet zones (78%) and students favoring collaborative spaces (72%). Institutional variations were also noted, reflecting differences in infrastructure and user expectations. The study proposes a comprehensive design framework that integrates environmental, spatial, functional, and psychological elements, aligning with Vischer’s three-tier model of environmental quality and Maslow’s adapted hierarchy of workspace needs. Practical recommendations include: prioritizing air quality through HVAC systems with CO₂ sensors and natural ventilation, enhancing thermal comfort with thermal mass materials and ceiling fans, maximizing natural lighting while incorporating adjustable artificial lighting, implementing zoned acoustics to balance quiet and collaborative areas, and incorporating ergonomic furniture and biophilic design to support well-being and creativity. This research bridges a gap in localized, user-centered IEQ design for Nigerian entrepreneurship centers, contributing to Sustainable Development Goal 3 (Good Health and Well-being) and advancing human-centric architectural practices by offering actionable guidelines for architects, policymakers, and university administrators to create healthier, more productive entrepreneurial environments.