Clinical and Neonatal Outcomes of in Vitro Fertilization in a Tertiary Centre in Yenagoa, Nigeria

Abstract

Infertility is a significant reproductive health issue worldwide, with a disproportionate burden in low- and middle-income countries. In vitro fertilization (IVF) has emerged as an effective treatment option; however, its success rates and neonatal outcomes vary widely depending on patient characteristics, clinical expertise, and resource availability. In Nigeria, there is limited local data evaluating both clinical and neonatal outcomes of IVF, particularly in tertiary health institutions. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and neonatal outcomes of IVF at a tertiary centre in Yenagoa, Nigeria, and to assess the relationship between selected sociodemographic and clinical factors and treatment success. A retrospective descriptive study was conducted involving 70 IVF cycles performed between January 2022 and December 2025. Data were obtained from patient records and included age, marital status, educational level, parity, type and duration of infertility, and IVF outcomes. The primary outcomes assessed were clinical pregnancy rate, term pregnancy rate, and neonatal output. Secondary outcomes included conversion rate from clinical pregnancy to term delivery and annual variations in success rates. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square testing, with statistical significance set at p<0.05. The overall clinical pregnancy rate was 30.0% (21/70), while the term pregnancy rate was 20.0% (14/70). Among those who achieved clinical pregnancy, 66.7% progressed to term delivery. Annual IVF outcomes showed variability, with higher success rates recorded in 2022 and 2025 compared to other years. Sociodemographic and clinical variables, including age, parity, educational status, and duration or type of infertility, did not demonstrate a statistically significant association with IVF success (p>0.05). Neonatal outcomes revealed a relatively high number of babies per pregnancy, suggesting a notable occurrence of multiple gestations. The IVF outcomes observed in this study are comparable to internationally reported ranges but demonstrate variability across different years.