Assessment of Inhibiting Factors on the Practices of Exclusive Breastfeeding among Human Immuno Deficiency Virus Positive Breastfeeding Mothers Attending Specialist State Hospital, Saki, Oyo State

Abstract

Breastfeeding may become a source of concern when there is a risk of transmitting infections, such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), in the absence of appropriate interventions. This study assessed factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding among HIV-positive mothers attending Specialist State Hospital, Saki, Oyo State. A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was employed. Using a simple random sampling technique, 150 HIV-positive breastfeeding mothers were selected. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Results were presented using descriptive statistics (tables and percentages) and inferential statistics (chi-square test) at a significance level of p < 0.05. Findings indicated generally good breastfeeding practices among respondents. The highest mean scores were observed in the frequency of daily breastfeeding practices (1.60 ± 0.49) and cessation of breastfeeding upon identification of safe alternative feeding options (1.63 ± 0.49). Gender emerged as a significant factor influencing exclusive breastfeeding practices. Additionally, socio-demographic variables such as age, marital status, and occupation showed statistically significant associations with exclusive breastfeeding practices (χ² = 0.995, p < 0.05). Other factors, including family influence, peer support, and type of delivery, were also significantly associated with breastfeeding practices (χ² = 0.97, p < 0.05). The study concludes that multiple socio-demographic and contextual factors influence exclusive breastfeeding among HIV-positive mothers. It recommends increased public health awareness, targeted education, and supportive interventions to address identified barriers. Policymakers should develop and implement evidence-based programs to enhance exclusive breastfeeding practices among HIV-positive mothers both in Nigeria and globally.