Preparedness, Mitigation Strategies and Risk Assessment in Flood Prone Ayakoromo Community, Bayelsa State

Abstract

Flooding remains one of the most pervasive natural hazards in the Niger Delta, Nigeria, posing severe threats to human lives, livelihoods, and infrastructure. This study examines flood resilience in Ayakoromo community in Bayelsa State, a coastal settlement along the Forcados Creek and the River Niger, by assessing residents’ preparedness, awareness, and the effectiveness of existing mitigation measures. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining structured questionnaires (n = 1,581) and semi-structured interviews with community members and local stakeholders. Sociodemographic analysis revealed a predominantly youthful (26–35 years), male, and low-income population, highlighting specific vulnerabilities that require targeted interventions. Findings indicate widespread flood exposure, with 92.2% of respondents experiencing floods frequently and perceiving very high flood risk. Community engagement in flood preparedness was minimal, and access to emergency resources and training was critically inadequate. Structural and non-structural mitigation strategies, including improved drainage, reforestation, and flood barriers, were recognized by residents; however, the majority reported challenges in implementation due to limited funding, political obstacles, and insufficient cooperation. Soil analyses indicated clayey loam with high water retention and low infiltration rates, amplifying surface water accumulation and flood risk. Based on these findings, recommendations include strengthening public education and awareness campaigns, enhancing drainage and early warning infrastructure, fostering community-led initiatives, and promoting policy reforms with increased governmental support.