Reinterpreting Royal Identity through Portrait Sculpture: A Practice-Based Study of the Sculptural Bust of HRM Sir Olateru Olagbegi II (KBE), the Olowo of Owo Kingdom, Nigeria

Abstract

This study examines the creation of a portrait bust of His Royal Majesty Sir Olateru Olagbegi II, KBE, the Olowo of Owo Kingdom, as a practice-based investigation into the documentation and preservation of Yoruba cultural heritage through sculpture. Sir Olateru Olagbegi II occupies a unique position in Nigerian history, having ruled Owo Kingdom from 1943 to 1968 before being dethroned and exiled for approximately twenty-five years, then reinstated to rule again between 1992 and 1997; this remarkable political and traditional journey provides a compelling subject for artistic representation. The research employed a qualitative, practice-based methodology involving historical inquiry, photographic analysis, clay modelling, and sculptural interpretation, with emphasis placed on achieving anatomical likeness while incorporating traditional Owo regalia, coral beads, indigenous attire, and symbolic motifs that communicate authority, resilience, and cultural continuity. The finished bust demonstrates how realistic portrait sculpture can function as both artistic expression and historical documentation, extending beyond physical resemblance to preserve collective memory and reinforce indigenous identity. The study concludes that contemporary sculptural practice remains an effective medium for documenting the lives of distinguished traditional rulers while contributing to cultural education and heritage preservation in Nigeria.