Analysis, Assessment and Application of Cassava Peel and Groundnut Shell Biochar for Concrete Production

Abstract

The increasing environmental costs of cement manufacturing, paired with mounting agricultural refuse have intensified the search for sustainable construction materials. This study evaluated the suitability of biochar produced from cassava peels and groundnut shells to partially substituting cement. Biochar was added at 1%, 1,5% and 2 % by cement weight in a 50:50 blend, while conventional concrete served as the control. Laboratory investigations included the physical and mechanical properties. Results indicated that the biochar possessed high porosity and low density, promoting internal curing and improved hydration within the concrete matrix. The inclusion of biochar influenced fresh concrete properties and enhanced mechanical performance at optimum replacement levels. Microstructural and chemical analyses further confirmed characteristics favourable for concrete improvement. The findings demonstrate that cassava peel and groundnut shell biochar can be advantageously employed as an environmentally responsible pozzolanic addition, providing a practical approach to agricultural waste valorization while supporting the development of more environmentally responsible concrete for construction applications.