Characterization of Waste Glass as Fine Aggregate and Cement Replacement in Concrete

Abstract

This study characterizes waste glass for dual utilization as fine aggregate and cement replacement in concrete. Waste glass was crushed and sieved to conform to ASTM C33 grading for fine aggregate, with fineness modulus of 2.40. Glass powder passing 45 µm was evaluated as supplementary cementitious material per ASTM C618. Strength Activity Index at 20% cement replacement was 78% at 7 days and 91% at 28 days, exceeding the 75% minimum requirement. XRD and TGA confirmed 49% consumption of Ca(OH)₂ at 28 days through pozzolanic reaction. Results demonstrate that processed waste glass meets code requirements for sustainable concrete production.