Effects of Artificial Intelligence on Academic Development of University Students: Evidence from Lagos State University

Abstract

This study examined the effects of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on the academic development of university students, specifically on students’ learning experience, academic achievement, self-confidence, social interactions, and associated challenges. A descriptive survey research design guided by Technological Determinism Theory was employed to survey 100 library-using students across different academic levels in Lagos State University, Nigeria. Findings revealed that AI positively impacts learning experiences, particularly through customised information resources and practical examples. AI has a strong positive influence on students’ academic achievement, with 63% of respondents indicating that AI-assisted tools helped identify and address weaknesses, suggesting effective diagnostic support for academic improvement. 77% of the students agreed that AI improved their ability to think positively and independently, indicating a strong perceived effect of AI on self-confidence. AI had a moderate, positive effect on students’ social interaction (mean= 2.81), which was lower than other factors, indicating that while AI supports collaborative and interactive learning, its social impact is less pronounced than other academic outcomes. Key challenges identified include: Information inaccuracies, high cost of data, data security, privacy concerns, and fear of overdependence. The study recommends expanded digital libraries, digital literacy training, and development and enforcement of AI policies for responsible and effective academic use.