User Behaviour and Activity Patterns in Public Spaces: A Case Study of Akure, Nigeria

Abstract

Public spaces are essential components of urban environments, providing venues for social interaction, cultural expression, and recreational activities. Akure, in Ondo State, Nigeria, public spaces face challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, poor maintenance, and underutilization. This study investigates users’ behaviour and activity patterns in twelve (12) public spaces across Akure’s core, transitional, and peripheral zones. Using structured surveys and observational methods, data were collected from 334 respondents to analyse socio-economic characteristics, activity preferences, and spatial usage. The results revealed that social activities (36.2%) and religious gatherings (28.0%) dominate public space usage, with significant variations between zones. The findings highlighted challenges such as insufficient facilities, poor accessibility for vulnerable groups, and limited community engagement in Urban Planning processes. This research aligns with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) and 3 (Good Health and Well-being), offering actionable recommendations to improve inclusivity, accessibility and functionality in public spaces. The study concludes by emphasising the importance of Participatory Planning approaches to enhance the utilisation of public spaces in Akure and similar urban centres.