Commencement of Computer-Based Technology Examinations in Secondary Schools in Nigeria

Issues, Challenges, and Prospects

Abstract

The digital revolution has rapidly transformed how educational assessment and certification are conducted across the world. Nigeria’s intention to commence Computer-Based Testing (CBT) for all secondary school examinations—especially the West African Senior School Certificate Examination (WASSCE) administered by the West African Examinations Council (WAEC) and the Senior School Certificate Examination (SSCE) conducted by the National Examinations Council (NECO)—marks a significant reform in the nation’s education system. The transition from traditional paper-and-pencil examinations to computer-based assessment is intended to promote transparency, reduce examination malpractice, enhance accuracy, and strengthen efficiency in grading and results management. However, despite the promising benefits of this innovation, the haphazard and premature implementation of CBT examinations in a developing country such as Nigeria presents enormous structural, logistical, and socio-economic challenges. These include inadequate infrastructure, unreliable power supply, poor internet connectivity, limited digital literacy among teachers and students, and glaring inequalities between urban and rural schools. Using descriptive and analytical methods, this study examines the issues, challenges, and prospects associated with the commencement of CBT examinations in Nigerian secondary schools. Data were drawn from official policy documents, prior scholarly works, and comparative global case studies. The findings reveal that while CBT holds transformative potential for improving educational standards, a successful implementation requires gradual phasing, proper infrastructural investment, policy coherence, and comprehensive stakeholder engagement. The study concludes with strategic recommendations aimed at ensuring that Nigeria’s digital examination policy achieves its intended objectives sustainably and inclusively.