Abdullahi Umar Suleiman, Mahmud Muhammed Shuaibu, Hauwa Bello Sharif. Perceived Effectiveness and Suitability of Pen-and-Paper Versus Online Assessments among Students and Academic Staff in Tertiary Institutions in Kaduna State, Nigeria. AJERLP. 2026;13(8). doi:10.70382/ajerlp.v13i8.0122