Importation of Non-Hazardous Waste from the European Union by Nigeria: A Critical Evaluation

Abstract

This paper investigated the EU waste imports to Nigeria and explored legal uncertainties, environmental destruction, and social and political implications. This study evaluated all waste-associated legal systems, waste types and amounts, stakeholder influence, ecological health outcomes, and policy-related gaps. The research design included surveys of 384 participants, 50 Key Informant Interviews, 10 Focus Group Discussions, and document analysis. Results showed that waste import awareness level was high among 76.8% of respondents, yet 49.5% considered their knowledge about the practice below average. A substantial 72.9% of respondents indicated that waste imports had considerable environmental dangers, including water pollution, 39.1% soil contamination, and 26% air pollution, at 20.8%. The survey showed that 72.9% of participants identified waste imports as a significant health danger, with respiratory diseases (39.1%) and waterborne illnesses (26%) reported commonly. According to 70.3% of respondents, who believe waste imports create negative effects, which may intensify in the next five years, local economic conditions are expected to decline. The ineffective participation of stakeholders in waste management operations was found by 32.3% of survey participants, while 88.6% called for tougher policy regulation. Qualitative information revealed that hazardous waste was improperly classified, border monitoring remained feeble, and landfills displayed growing pollution levels. The research added new knowledge about EU-Nigeria waste trade connections by advocating for legal transparency, social participation, and international efforts to reduce waste disposal claims.