Assessment of Gender Role in Commercial Charcoal Production Processes in Some Parts of Nasarawa State, Nigeria

Abstract

This study examines the role of gender in the commercial charcoal production processes in Nasarawa State, Nigeria, with a focus on understanding the contributions of both men and women in this industry. Charcoal production, a significant source of income in the region, is a major driver of environmental degradation, including deforestation and biodiversity loss. The research adopts a multi-method approach, utilizing both quantitative and qualitative data collected through questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussions, and field observations across three local government areas: Akwanga, Karu, and Doma. A total of 450 charcoal producers were sampled using a stratified and purposive sampling technique, with data analysed through descriptive, inferential, and geospatial methods. The findings reveal that while both genders participate in various stages of charcoal production, there are distinct differences influenced by cultural norms that restrict certain activities to specific genders. The age range of participants, predominantly between 15-50 years, underscores the labour-intensive nature of charcoal production, which is dominated by the most physically active segment of the population. Despite awareness of the environmental consequences, the financial benefits drive continued participation in the industry. The study recommends the formation of a charcoal producers' association to promote specialization according to gender strengths and to encourage sustainable practices. Additionally, it suggests involving the Forestry Department in sensitizing producers about alternative methods that reduce environmental impact. Emerging policies should focus on improving the socio-economic status of those involved in charcoal production while providing viable alternatives to traditional energy sources. This research highlights the need for gender-inclusive approaches to resource management that balance economic livelihoods with environmental sustainability in Nasarawa State.